- Auditory
Neuropathy: 20 Questions and answers. By Linda
Hood Ph.D. Kresge Hearing Research Laboratory of the
South LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA.(1998).This article is mirrored
(with slight modifications in terms of esthetics) from the Louisiana
State University Health Sciences Center site. It is an excellent
source of information on the Auditory Neuropathy and the audiometric
tests (OAEs included) used for
it's detection.The article is presented in three
web pages covering questions 1-7,
8-15,
and 16-20
respectively.
- Comparison of TEOAE
Recording Protocols: Implications for clinical TEOAE applications
: By Stavros hatzopoulos Ph.D (1997, 1998,
1999, 2000) . This is a compilation article from the
work conducted by the group of Dr. Hatzopoulos in the late ninenties
on linear vs nonlinear protocols. The paper describes in detail
the methods which were used quite popular 7-8 years ago (ie Short
time FFTs, Input-Output TEOAE curves etc).
- Conventional and High Rate Otoacoustic Emissions
in Normally Hearing and Hearing Impaired Subjects
: By Jemma Hine Ph.D (2005) . Numerous investigations have established that transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) can be used to separate normally hearing and hearing impaired populations (see Harris and Probst, 2002 for a review). The general consensus is that TEOAEs will be present when all hearing levels from 250 to 8000 Hz are better than 20 dB HL and absent when all hearing levels are poorer than 40 dB HL due to a purely cochlear loss. Whilst the majority of studies into the screening potential of TEOAEs has examined the response parameters of the nonlinear TEOAE response, there are those that have focused on the so-called 'linear' recordings. However, the nonlinear method is usually favoured because it should cancel the stimulus artefact by eliminating the linear portion of the response, thus leaving behind the nonlinear cochlear emission. So, whilst much consideration has been given to determining which of the response parameters of nonlinear TEOAEs, such as waveform reproducibility or response level, best identify the hearing impaired, little research has investigated the effects of altering the stimulus parameters, such as click rate, on the evaluation of TEOAEs from patients with hearing loss. That is, nearly all previous studies involving hearing loss patients utilize TEOAEs recorded using conventional averaging at low stimulation rates.
The MLS technique enables TEOAEs to be recorded at high stimulation rates where the time between click stimuli is less than the duration of the response (e.g. Thornton, 1993; Thornton et al., 1994). Studies have shown that increasing the stimulus presentation rate from the conventional value of 40 clicks/s up to 5000 clicks/s leads to a reduction in emission amplitude that reaches an approximate asymptote at about 1500 clicks/s (Hine and Thornton, 1997). Despite this decrease in amplitude, the very large number of responses obtainable at high rates means that both the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the detection sensitivity increase as the click rate increases. The question arises whether this improvement in detection sensitivity for MLS emissions in normally hearing subjects translates into a change in the hearing loss levels capable of giving repeatable emissions in patients. The aim of the current study was to compare conventional and MLS TEOAEs in normal and hearing-impaired subjects.
- Managing
Musicians: The Use of Otoacoustic Emissions in Monitoring Acoustic
Trauma and Counseling : By Shanda
Brashears, M.C.D., C.C.C.-A. (2001) Shanda Brashears
is a professional musician and clinical audiologist who conducts
research at the Kresge Hearing Research Laboratory of the South,
New Orleans, Louisiana. Her contribution highlights some important
clinical aspects of music induced hearing losses in adult subjects.
- Medial
Efferent Olivocochlear System in Neonates and Infants
: By Thierry Morlet, Ph.D. (2001)
Kresge Hearing Research Laboratory of the South LSUHSC, New Orleans,
LA . This introductory paper highlights some important clinical
aspects of controlateral OAE suppression in neonates.
- Effects
of the electromagnetic field of molile phones on hearing
: By Dr. Orhan Ozturan (2002)
Dr. Ozturan is a Professor of Otorhinolaryngology at the Inonu
University, School of Medicine, in Malatya Turkey and his contribution
is a valuable addition to the OAE field considering the rarity
of reports on TEOAEs and DPOAEs related to ears exposed to the
EMF radiation of the cellular (mobile) phones.
- A
Normative Study of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions in
Six-year-old School Children : By Dr.
Carlie Driscoll (2002) This contribution is a valuable
addition to the OAE field considering the rarity of reports on
DPOAEs from young adults and children.
- Spontaneous
and Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions: A Racial Comparison
: By Jenny C Y Chan and
Bradley McPherson (2002). In this contribution the
authors consider SOAE and TEOAE signal differences across population
samples from Chinese and Caucasian normally hearing subjects.
- TEOAE
Recording Protocols Revised. Data from adult subjects
: By Stavros Hatzopoulos, Joe Petrucelli,
Thierry Morlet and Alessandro Martini (2003). In this
contribution the authors consider the experimental re-evaluation
of the current clinical Transiently Evoked Otoacoustic Emission
(TEOAE) protocols, based on linear and nonlinear protocol paradigms
from a population of 42 adult subjects serving as a normative
database. The linear and nonlinear TEOAE responses were elicited
by clicks having an average intensity of 72 and 84 dB p.e. SPL
respectively. An initial comparison between non-processed nonlinear
and linear recordings, at early recording segments from 3.2 to
5.2 ms, showed that the responses had highly similar contours
and no statistically significant mean differences. The stimulus-induced
artifact in the linear TEOAE responses was suppressed by post-processing
the data with a window function (3.8 to 13.8 ms) and by a high-pass
filter at 830 Hz. A repeated measures model was used to evaluate
the differences between post-processed linear and nonlinear responses
across clinical variables of interest (such as TEOAE response,
noise, correlation, and signal to noise ratios at 1.0 to 5.0 kHz).
The data indicated that the linear recordings demonstrate significantly
lower levels of noise (thus superior S/N ratios) and higher values
of reproducibility. Normative adult scoring criteria were calculated
from free distribution tolerance intervals for the TEOAE correlation
and the S/N ratios at 2.0 and 3.0 kHz.
- Use of Otoacoustic
Emissions in Elementary Schools: By Michele
Cramer, Beverly Ray, and Thierry Morlet (2004)
Kresge Hearing Research Laboratory, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Future
Directions of Basic and Clinical OAE research: By by
the Editorial staff of the Portal (2005): edited
by S. Hatzopoulos
- On a possible prognostic value of otoacoustic emissions:
A study on patients with sudden hearing loss
: By Sebastian Hoth (2008). Dr. Hoth is a Professor of Otorhinolaryngology at the Univ.-HNO-Klinik Heidelberg, Germany and his contribution
is a valuable addition to the OAE clinical field considering that there are still a lot of un-answered questions relate to OAEs and SIHL .
- Distortion product otoacoustic emissions: An objective technique for the screening of hearing loss in children treated with platin derivatives.
: By Bart Vinck et al (2008). Dr. Vinck is the director of the University ENT Clinic, at Ghent University, Belgium. The article
is a valuable addition to the to the long-sought relationship between the effects of various antineoplastic drugs on the cochlear structures.
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